BIOCHEMISTRY
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Biochemical pathology tests, also known as clinical biochemistry tests or laboratory tests, are performed to analyze the levels of various biochemical markers in biological samples. These tests help diagnose diseases, assess organ function, monitor treatment effectiveness, and provide valuable information about a patient’s overall health. Here are some commonly performed biochemical pathology tests:
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Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test provides information about the different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps diagnose and monitor conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders.
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Blood Glucose: This test measures the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus.
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Liver Function Tests: These tests evaluate the overall function of the liver by measuring markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and albumin. They help diagnose and monitor liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver tumors.
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Kidney Function Tests: These tests assess the kidney’s ability to filter waste products from the blood. They measure markers such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride. Kidney function tests help diagnose and monitor conditions like chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and urinary tract disorders.
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Lipid Profile: This test measures the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. It provides information about an individual’s cardiovascular health and the risk of developing heart disease.
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Electrolyte Panel: This test measures the levels of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium) in the blood and helps evaluate the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. It is useful in diagnosing and monitoring conditions like dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney disorders.
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Thyroid Function Tests: These tests measure markers such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) to assess thyroid gland function. They help diagnose and monitor conditions like hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules.
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Tumor Markers: These tests measure specific markers in the blood that are associated with certain types of cancers. Examples include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for colorectal cancer, and CA-125 for ovarian cancer. Tumor marker testing helps in cancer diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and detecting cancer recurrence.
These are just a few examples of the wide range of biochemical pathology tests available. The specific tests performed may vary depending on the patient’s symptoms, medical history, and the suspected or diagnosed condition. The interpretation of test results is typically done by healthcare professionals, such as physicians, pathologists, or clinical biochemists, who consider the patient’s clinical information alongside the laboratory results to make accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions.
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